Ø > RAHUL JAIN
Ø HARDWARE & NETWORKING.
Ø GT INSTITUTE GOVINDNAGAR.
Ø
SHEKHAR
SIR.
·
Computer
Assembling
:- Computer assemble karne k liye 2 tarah k Parts ka use kiya
jata hai .
a).Compulsary
Parts
b).Optional
Parts
a).
Compulsary
Parts
:-
Compulsary
Parts vah parts hote
hain. jinke bina hum kisi bhi
system
ko assemble nahi kr sakte hain.
1. Motherboard
2. Processer
3. Ram
4. Hard Disc Drive
5. Dvd Rom
6. SMPS ( Switch Mode Power Supply
)
8. Monitor
9. Keyboard/Mouse
b).
Optional Parts
:- Optional Parts vah Parts hote hain jinke bina kisi bhi
system ko assemble kiya ja sakta hai.
1.
Printer,
Scanner
2. Pen Drive
3.
Speaker
4.
Projector
5.
UPS
(compulsory)
6.
Web
Camera
Types
of computers :-
1.
Branded
Computer
2.
Assembled
Computers
Computers
Assembling :-
Kisi
bhi Computer ko tyare karne se pahle usse sambandhit Parts ko jodkar tyar kiya
gaya Computer Assembeld Computer
kahlate,
Assemble Computer ko Power supply
deke
working condition me lana Computer Assembling kahlata
hai.
·
Computer
Assembling 2 Prakar se ki jati hai
a.
Company
k dwara banaye gaye Computer ko Branded
Computer kahte
hain.
b.
User
ki requerment k anusar banaye gaye Computer
ko Assemble Computer kahte
hain.
a).
Branded
Computer :-
1.
Branded
Computer vah Computer hote hain jisme user ki choice nahi hoti
hai.
2.
Branded
Computer ki configuration Company k dwara di jati
hai.
3.
Branded
Computer me pure Computer ki waranty hoti
hai.
4.
Branded
Computer ko 72 hours ki testing k baad Market me launch kiya jata
hai.
5.
Branded
Computer ki 1 se 3 saal ki waranty ho sakti
hai.
6.
Branded
Company Computer k kharab hone par
service
khud provide karte
hain.
b).
Assemble
Computer
:-
1.
Assemble
Computer user ki requerment ko dhyan me rakh kar Assemble kiye jate
hain.
2.
Assemble
Computer me sabhi Parts ki individual warranty hoti
hai.
3.
Assemble
Computer ki koi bhi Testing nhi ki jati hai yeh on the spot Assemble karke user
ko de diye jate hain.
Input
:-
User
dwara di gai information ko Input kahte hain, Input kaary karne k liye keyboard
ka use karte hain.
Central
Processing Unit :-
CPU
ka work Computer per Input kiye gaye data per processing karna hota hai, Isme 2
unit work karte hain.
1.
A.L.U.
:-
Is
unit ka work sabhi prakar k data per calculation karna hota
hai.
2.
C.U.
:-
Is
unit ka kaary ALU se bheje gaye ya ALU dwara process kiye gaye data ki
controlling karna hota hai.
c).
Memory
:-
Computer
ko on karte time 2 prakar ki Memory ka use kiya jata
hai.
1.
ROM
(READ ONLY MEMORY)
:-
ROM
Computer ki Primery memory hoti hai iska kaam data ki formating ko read karna
hota hai.
2.
RAM
(RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)
:- RAM Computer ki Primery memory hoti hai is memory se signal
ke dwara monitor ki screan per display receive kiya jata hai iska kaam kisi
software ko run karana bhi hota hai.
d).
OUTPUT
:-
Input
kiye gaye data ko processing ke baad Result ke roop me prapt karna Output
kahlata hai.
Processor
:- Mukhy 2 Company Processor banati
hain.
1.
Intel
2. AMD
a).
Pentium
1
:-
P1
k Processor 2 types k launch hote
the.
1.
Without
MMX.
2.
With
MMX.
1.
WITHOUT
MMX
:-
Yeh
wah processor the jinme multimedia Kaary nahi kiya ja sakta tha, aise processor
motherboard pr Socket No. 1 ya 3 me lagte
the.
2.
WITH
MMX
:-
Is
prakar ke processor motherboard pr socket No. 7 pr lagte the.
·
Processor
Technology.
1.
PGA
( Pin Grid Array )
:- Yeh processor wah processor hote Hian jin processor pr Pin
dee hoti hai.
2.
LGA
( Line Grid Array )
:- In processor pr Dos diye hote hain, Aise processor
motherboard pr processor ke socket k upar Pin Dee hoti
hain.
b).
Pantium
2 :-
Yeh
processor socket No. 1 pr lagte hain.
c).
Pantium
3
:-
Yeh
processor socket No. 370 pr lagte
hain.
d).
Pantium
4
:- Yeh processor socket No. 423, 468, 478. Pr kiya jata
hai.
e).
Dual
core
:-
Dual
core processor socket No. 775 pr lagay jate
hain.
f).
Core2
Duo
:-
Yeh
processor bhi socket No. 775 pr lagte
hain.
g).
Core 2 Quad :-
Is
prakar k processor bhi socket No. 775 pr lagaye jate
hain.
PROCESSOR
* SUPPORTED MBDS * SUPPORTED RAM
P1
80486
SD RAM
P2
80586
SD RAM
P3
810, 815
SD RAM
P4
845, 850
DDR, RD RAM
DUAL CORE
865, 915, 101
DDR1
CORE 2 DUO
945, 965
DDR2
Clock
Speed
:-
Processor
ki data ko Process karne ki speed ko Clock speed ya clock rate kahte hain.
Prcessor jis signal pr kaary kr sakta hai Us signal ki speed ko clock
speed kahte hai, clock speed MHz Or Ghz me aati
hai.
Processor ****** Clock Speed
P1
233 MHz to 533 MHz
P2
533 MHz
P3
933 MHz to 1.6 GHz
P4
1.3 GHz to 2.8 GHz
DUAL CORE 1.4 GHz to 3.0 GHz
CORE 2 DUO 1.9 GHz to 3.6
GHz
CORE 2 QUAD
2.2 GHz to 3.6
GHz
Core i3 LGA
1156
Core i5 LGA 1156
Core i7 LGA
1366
Bus
Speed
:-
Processor
ki data transfer karne ki speed ko bus Speed ya Front Side Bus ( FSB ) kahte
hain, Bus Speed humesha Clock Speed se kam hoti
hai.
Processor Bus
Speed
P1
133 MHz
P2
333 MHz
P3
533 MHz
P4
1024 MHz
Dual Core 1024
MHz
Core 2 Duo 1024
MHz
Core 2 Quad 1333
MHz
Motherboard
:-
Motherboard
Computer ka main board
Hota hai is pr sare device connect hote
hain.
·
“There
are two types of Motherboard”
a).
Original
Motherboard.
b).
Chipset
Motherboard.
a).
Original
Motherboard
:-
Jis
Motherboard pr North Bridge aur South Bridge IC ek hi company k hote hain tatha
Motherboard Aur BIOS IC bhi ek hi company ki ho to aise Motherboard Original
Motherboard kahlate hain.
·
Original
Motherboard banane wali Company .
1.
intel.
2. Via.
3.
Sis.
4.
Asus.
b).
Chipset Motherboard
:-
Jin
Motherboard pr North Bridge aur South Bridge IC alag-alag Company ki hoti hain
tatha Motherboard bhi kisi alag company ka ho to aise Motherboard Chipset
Motherboard kahlate hain.
·
Chipset
Motherboard banane wali Company .
1. Mercury.
2.
Gigabyte.
3.
Asrock.
4.
Zibronik.
c).
North
Bridge
:-
Iska
kaam Processor aur Ram ki controlling karna hota
hai.
d).
South
Bridge
:-
Iska
kaam Input aur Output
devices ki controlling karna hota
hai.
e).
CMOS
( Compemently Metal Oxide Semicunductor )
:-
CMOS
Battery ka kaam computer me date va time banaye rakhna hota Hai, aur CMOS
programe me change ki information ki transfring Va recieving karna hota
hai.
f).
BIOS ( Basic Input Output System ) :-
Yeh
ek ROM IC
hai isko FLASH ROM ke naam se bhi jana jata hai, is
ROM ke andar ek Progame hota hai jisme Computer
ki sabhi input va Output ki Information store hoti
hai.
SLOT
:- 1.
PCI
SLOT ( peripheral Controller Interface
)
2. AGP SLOT ( Advance Graphics Port
)
3.
CNR
SLOT ( Communication Network Riser )
4.
AMR
SLOT ( Audio Modem Riser )
1.
PGI Slot :-
PCI
slot me hum 32 bit ke Internal cards
jaise :- Sound cards, Lan cards, Modem cards,
Display
cards aadi ka Use karte
hain.
2.
AGP Slot :-
Isme
hum 64 Bit ka Graphics Card use
karte Hain, iski pahchan iske lock dwara ki jati
hai.
3.
CNR Slot :-
Isme
64 Bit ka Modem card use kiya
jata hai, Yeh PCI se chhota tatha AMR se bada hota
hai.
4.
AMR Slot :-
Isme
48 Bit ka Modem Card lagta hai,
yeh CNR se Chhota hota hai, tatha ye mostly
Brown
ya White Colour ka hota Hai
.
5.
RAM Slot :-
Yeh
3 prakar ke hote hain.
a).
SIMM
(Single Inline Memory Module)
b).
RIMM
(Rambus Inline Memory Module)
c).
DIMM
(Dual Inline Memory Module)
a).
SIMM :-
Iska
use purane Motherboard pr kiya jata hai, Ispr 30 va 72 pin ki RAM Support karti
thi, jinhe hum FPM va EDO RAM ke naam se jante hain, FPM va EDO RAM jo 30 pin Ki
hoti thi usme koi cut nhi hota tha,tatha jo RAM 72 pin ki Hoti thi usme ek cut
diya hota tha.
b).
RIMM :-
Is
prakar ke slot me RD RAM ka use kiyajata tha, RD RAM ka use Pantium 4 ke
Motherboard pr kiya jata tha, RD RAM Ka fullform (Rambus Dynamic)
hai.
c).
DIMM :-
Is
prakar ke slot me SD RAM tatha DDR
RAM
ka use kiya jata
hai,
SD
:-
SYNCHRONUS
DYNAMIC.
DDR
:-
DOUBLE
DATA RATE.
Is prakar ke Slots Pantium 4 se lekar ab tak ke Motherboard
Pr use kiya ja raha hai.
MOTHERBOARD
SERIES :-
Number ***** Processor
1. 8088
***** Pantium
1
2. 80186
***** Pantium 1
3. 80286
***** Pantium 1
4. 80386
***** Pantium 1
5. 80486
***** Pantium 1
6. 80586, 80686
***** Pantium 2
7. 810, 815
***** Pantium 3
8. 845, 856
***** Pantium 4
9. 865, 915, 101
***** Dual Core
10. 945, 965
***** Core 2 Duo
11. 975
***** Core 2 Quad
PORTS
:-
a).
Ps/2 (Personal System) :-
Computer
k Motherboard
pr 2 Ps/2 Port diye hote hain, isme se blue Ps/2 Port
ka
use Keyboard k liye tatha green ka use Mouse k liye
kiya
jata hai, isme 6 Pin di hoti hain, usme se ek Pin NC
(Not-
For Connect) hoti
hai.
b). VGA
Port :-
Yeh
15 Pin ka Femail Port hota hai, jisme
5 – 5 Pin ki 3 lines hoti hai, jisme Monitor connect
kiya
Jata hai, yeh Mostly Blue Color k hote
hain.
c).
COM Port :-
Yeh
9 Pin ka mail Port hota hai,
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